Cornea Transplantation in kalyan- Isha Netralaya

Cornea Transplantation

Understanding About Corneal Transplantation

Cornea transplantation, or keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure where damaged or diseased corneal tissue is replaced with healthy corneal tissue from a donor. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface of the eye that helps focus light, playing a crucial role in vision. This surgery is typically performed to restore vision, reduce pain, and improve the appearance of a damaged or diseased cornea.

Types of Corneal Transplantation :

Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK):

A full-thickness corneal transplant where the entire cornea is replaced with a donor cornea.

Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK):

This type of transplant targets the innermost layer of the cornea (endothelium). It includes:

Descemet’s Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK)
Descemet’s Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK)

Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK):

In this procedure, only the outer and middle layers of the cornea are replaced, preserving the healthy inner layer.

Keratoprosthesis:

A prosthetic cornea used in cases where standard corneal transplants are not successful.

Symptoms:

Blurred or Cloudy Vision:

Vision may become blurry due to damage or scarring of the cornea.

Eye Pain:

Severe pain in cases of corneal diseases or injuries.

Light Sensitivity (Photophobia):

Increased sensitivity to light due to corneal damage.

Distorted Vision:

The cornea may become misshaped, leading to distorted or double vision.

Scarring or Swelling of the Cornea:

Vision may be impaired by scars or swelling, making a transplant necessary.

Treatment:

Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK):

Full-thickness replacement of the cornea for severe damage.

Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK):

Partial-thickness transplant for endothelial cell failure.

Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK):

Ideal for patients with outer corneal disease.

Keratoprosthesis:

Artificial cornea in severe cases where other types of transplants fail.

Precautions:

Wear Protective Eyewear:

To prevent further damage to the cornea.

Manage Health Conditions:

Conditions like diabetes should be well-managed to improve transplant outcomes.

Avoid Eye Infections:

Keep your eyes clean and avoid irritants that can cause infections.

Regular Eye Check-ups:

Regular check-ups ensure that any early signs of rejection or complications are detected.

Before Surgery

Before cornea transplant surgery, your doctor will perform a detailed eye examination, including measurements of your cornea. You’ll discuss which type of corneal transplant is best for you. In the days leading up to surgery, you may need to stop certain medications and use prescribed eye drops. The surgery is typically done under local anesthesia and usually lasts about 1 to 2 hours. The damaged cornea will be removed and replaced with donor tissue, helping to restore vision.

During Surgery

During cornea transplant surgery, you will be awake but pain-free due to local anesthesia. The surgeon makes a small incision in the cornea to remove the damaged tissue. A healthy donor cornea is then stitched in place using very fine sutures. The surgery takes about 1 to 2 hours, and you may feel some pressure during the procedure but no pain. Afterward, you’ll rest briefly and go home the same day.

After Surgery

After surgery, your eye will be covered with a protective shield, and you’ll need to use eye drops to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. Vision may be blurry at first, but it should gradually improve over a few weeks to months. Full recovery typically takes several months. During recovery, avoid strenuous activities and protect your eye from water and bright light. Follow-up appointments are essential to monitor healing and detect any signs of rejection or complications.

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